how does the environmental protection agency exercise policy making discretion
Why do we need administrative discretion?
Use of discretion becomes necessary, especially in situations in which imme- diate action is needed. For the most part, frontline or street-level bureaucrats work in situations where discretion is required because the rules and laws are too complicated and may not be adequate in specific cases.
What is the EPA policy?
From the EPA's creation, it has sought to protect and conserve the natural environment and improve the health of humans by researching the effects of and mandating limits on the use of pollutants. The EPA regulates the manufacturing, processing, distribution, and use of chemicals and other pollutants.
What does the federalist 10 say?
According to Federalist No. 10, a large republic will help control factions because when more representatives are elected, there will be a greater number of opinions. Therefore, it is far less likely that there will be one majority oppressing the rest of the people.
Why is administrative discretion necessary?
Discretion, whether you agree or disagree with its role in public administration, is a necessary part of government in the modern world due to government's expansive role. This necessary action, in addition to filling in gaps missed by legislation, can reconnect people to government.
How does Congress oversight affect the bureaucracy?
Both Congress and the president exercise direct oversight over the bureaucracy by holding hearings, making appointments, and setting budget allowances. Citizens exercise their oversight powers through their use of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) and by voting.
How does bureaucratic discretion affect public policy?
Bureaucratic discretion: bureaucrats have the ability to shape implementation of public policy. Issue networks or iron triangles • Interest group(s)/congressional committee(s) pressure bureaucracy to implement policy that benefits them. Bureaucracy can shape policy implementation to benefit interest group(s).
How does rule making increase the power of the bureaucracy in the policy process?
Rule making increases the power within a bureaucracy because the bureaucracy has to implement the laws on Congress, but Congress does not tell them how they must implement these rules, leaving it to their discretion.
What is Rule-Making AP Gov?
Rule-making Authority is an agency's ability to make rules that affect how programs operate, and to force states and corporations to obey these rules as if they were laws.
What political institution can influence the advancement of the federal legislation?
Interactions between Congress and the President can be affected by linkage institutions because linkage institutions link one branch of government to another. So, interactions between the legislative branch and Congress can affect whether the bill gets passed.
What is bureaucratic discretion?
"Bureaucratic Discretion" refers to the authority exercised by members of the bureaucracy (unelected policy experts working within the executive branch) to carry out policy, deciding how it will be implemented.
What is the main function of environmental policy?
The main function of environmental policy is to, through government action, minimize the environmental impact of businesses and society.
Why does Congress need to give the departments bureaucratic discretion?
Laws may lack clear, concrete details on how they should be enacted, so the federal bureaucracy has discretionary authority to make decisions on what actions to take—or not take—when implementing laws, as well as rulemaking authority to create regulations about how government programs should operate.
What is rule making in the bureaucracy?
Rulemaking is the process federal agencies use to make new regulations. ... Congress passes the broad statutes that govern us, but most of the details are left to federal agencies to figure out through the rulemaking process.
How does the president use executive orders to implement a policy agenda?
Executive Orders – These domestic decrees carry the force of law but do not require Congressional passage or approval. The president can change and affect policy details through directives like these. ... The president can change and affect foreign policy Page 2 2 without having to bother with the Senate.
How does Congress ensure federal agencies follow legislative intent?
Legislative oversight is when Congress monitors the bureaucracy and its administrations, usually done by hearings. Another way Congress ensures that agencies follow legislative intent is by controlling the agencies' budgets. For example, when the agencies don't follow legislative intent Congress may cut their budget.
How does the EPA affect environmental policy?
EPA plays a unique role in the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. ... EPA is charged under Section 309 of the Clean Air Act to review the environmental impact statements (EIS) of other federal agencies and to comment on the adequacy and the acceptability of the environmental impacts of the proposed action.
Who has discretionary and rule-making authority?
The federal bureaucracy has discretionary authority to make decisions on what actions to take—or not take—when implementing laws. The bureaucracy has rule-making authority to create regulations about how government programs should operate.
What is discretion and what does it have to do with implementing government policy?
Discretion, that ability to decide how policies will be implemented, is a key component of bureaucratic power. ... In general, the existing literature on the effectiveness of regulatory policy has found that the strength of government needs to be behind a policy for it to work.
How does bureaucratic discretion increase the power of the bureaucracy?
In part (d) the response earned 1 point for explaining how bureaucratic discretion increases the power of the bureaucracy in the policy process by stating, “They can therefore use the power of their own interpretation of laws to enforce public policy, increasing their own power in public policy.”
What is discretion and what does it have to do with implementing government policy?
Discretion, that ability to decide how policies will be implemented, is a key component of bureaucratic power. ... In general, the existing literature on the effectiveness of regulatory policy has found that the strength of government needs to be behind a policy for it to work.
How does the bureaucracy influence policy?
The bureaucracy often makes sweeping policy decisions. It legislates by rulemaking, executes the law by implementing it, and adjudicates by addressing individual cases in adversarial settings with defense and prosecution.
What are two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy making discretion in executing federal laws?
One point is earned for explaining each of two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy-making discretion in executing federal laws. Congress lacks expertise/agencies have expertise. Congress does not want to be blamed for bad policy. Time-consuming.
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What is bureaucratic discretion AP Gov?
Bureaucratic Discretion/Policy-Making Discretion. the authority of a government agency to use their own judgment when determining the exact meaning of a law as they enforce it. Rule. a specific guideline that has the force of law; written by an executive branch agency to clarify the ambiguities of a broad law.
Why are independent agencies given administrative discretion by Congress?
Why is Administrative Discretion used by the Federal Government bureaucracy? Because Congress doesn't know all of the details when passing laws and expects the bureaucracy to use their expertise to write the details in rules and regulations.
How does the President's agenda create tension and confrontations with the Congress?
Conflict between the presidential agenda and the congressional agenda: The president uses executive orders and policy initiatives to achieve policy goals, both of which can bring further conflict with Congress.
How does the president implement a policy agenda?
The president can influence congress to implement a policy agenda. He does this through a "I scratch your back, you scratch mine" method. The formal powers are veto, signing laws into act, commander in chief. Informal powers are executive agreements, and signing statements.
Why do federal agencies have policy making discretion?
One point is earned for explaining each of two reasons why Congress gives federal agencies policy-making discretion in executing federal laws. Congress lacks expertise/agencies have expertise. Congress does not want to be blamed for bad policy. Time-consuming.
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